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Introduction

Introduction

The Divine Promise to the human species at the time of its exit from the heavens – Q.02:38- 39 – was held through ages of human history. It started with Adam, continued through Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Moses, Jesus and culminated with Muhammad. May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon them.

The foundations of Faith are, prima facie, based on the Absolute Supremacy of One Divine Being. The teachings of all Scriptures came from the same Divine Source with the purpose of providing guidance for a life of righteousness within societies along a Straight and Optimal Path
– Qur’an 06:126, 07:16; and The Torah/Proverbs 4:23-27.

The Qur’an is the grand finale of all Divine Revelations and the Ultimate Truth. Allah, The Exalted and The Almighty, guaranteed to preserve its Sacred Arabic Text in its entirety and original form safe from any satanic change – Q.15:09.

Enriched with themes, history, law, images, symbols, language, recitation and a unique literary style – it is a master piece of a revelation that has been bestowed on humanity as a matchless text signifying the very name it carries – Al Kitab – The Book.

As The Qur’an was being revealed on to the last of the Prophets - Prophet Muhammad, in the Arabic language, he would dictate it to his appointed companions to serve as scribes over the 23- year period of its phased-revelation.

The Qur’an contains the narratives of past nations and the events of future generations to facilitate comprehension of the meaning and value of the Qur’anic Message. It also sets out examples and analogies for people so that they may reflect and take heed - Q.39:27. Its message transcends...

Development and Validation of Extended Multi-Dimensional Scale of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in the Context of Pakistan

The purpose of this research is to validate the multi-dimensional scale of EntrepreneurialcEcosystem in the context of Pakistan. This research is based on 7 constructs with 54 items that affect the entrepreneurial ecosystem in any given region. The sample of 244 respondents are the owners of companies and, startups who participated in this research. The Confirmatory factory analysis showed factor loadings of all constructs greater than 0.40, while partial least square structural equation modeling showed acceptable values of construct reliability, composite reliability, however, average variance extracted was shown to be greater than 0.40 and less than the acceptable value of 0.5 for some constructs, while the HTMT ratio established discriminant validity of the constructs another criterion i.e. Fornell-Larcker criterion also established the discriminant validity of the constructs with some constructs having values less than 0.705, while some of the item outer loadings were found to be between 0.6-0.70 however, within the acceptable range. This research has validated the multi-dimensional scale of the entrepreneurial ecosystem with new sub-domain i.e. Support professions and support finance. This scale can be used to measure the strength of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of any region with appropriate homogeneous sample

وبائی امراض کے شرعی احکامات پر اثرات:کرونا کے تناظر میں فقہاء کی آراء کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Life and diseases are deeply interrelated. Human diseases are both contagious and non-contagious, they can be epidemics and non-epidemics. Corona is an epidemic and contagious disease. In human history, there have been diseases that killed millions of people and affected human life and activities. The Corona virus is one of these deadly diseases which affected all worldly activities and paralyzed the life system. This situation also affected shariah orders and matters. In this thesis, the affect of Corona pandemic on Islamic teachings have been analysed. It consists of a preface, three chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter the meaning of epidemic diseases has been explained, according to which the types of causes and history of pandemics have been mentioned. In the second chapter Islamic orders are described in the context of the Corona pandemic, the spiritual aspects of pandemics, and precautions to avoid such diseases have been discussed in the light of Islamic principles and the opinion of Muslim scholars. The third chapter directly deals with the specific types of ibadah like Salah, Fasting, Zakat, Hajj and the impact of Corona on these ibadahs has been discussed. Thesis ends with a conclusion and recommendations.
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