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مضطرؔ نظامی

طرؔ نظامی(۱۹۰۹ء ۔۱۹۶۹ء) کا اصل نام خدا بخش تھا اور مضطرؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ مضطر پسرور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ۱۹۳۴ء میں انھوں نے ادیب فاضل کا امتحان پاس کیا۔ ۱۹۳۷ء میں مضطر نے محکمہ تعلیم میں بطورِ اُستاد ملازمت اختیار کی ۔ (۴۶۲)آپ نے کم عمری میں ہی لکھنا شروع کر دیا۔زمانہ طالب علمی ہی سے ان کا کلام کالج میگزین میں شائع ہونا شروع ہو گیا تھا۔ (۴۶۳) انھوں نے غزل،نظم ،نعت،منظوم مکتوبات،منظوم ترجمہ،مثنوی ،مسدس،قطعہ،رباعی ،مرثیہ ،ڈرامہ ،مضمون اور مقالہ غرضیکہ ادب کی تقریباً تمام اصناف میں طبع آزمائی کی۔ ان کی تصنیف و تالیف مطبوعہ اور غیر مطبوعہ کی تعداد اکیس کتب پر مشتمل ہیں۔ ان میں سے دو پیارے نبیؐ (منظوم) اور دانش کدہ فارسی مطبوعہ ہیں جب کہ باقی تمام غیر مطبوعہ ہیں۔ ان کی تفصیل درج کی جاتی ہے۔

مضطرؔ نے ’’پیارے نبی‘‘ کے عنوان سے آسان ،سادہ اور چھوٹی بحر میں دلکش انداز میں بچوں کے لیے نبی پاکؐ کے مقدس حالات کو منظوم اندازمیں پینتیالیس عنوانات کے تحت قلمبند کیا۔یہ مجموعہ پچھتر صفحات پر مشتمل ہے۔ جو ۱۹۶۴ء کا طبع شدہ ہے۔ ’’نقشِ حیات‘‘ نظم اور غزل پر مشتمل ہے۔ جو ۱۹۶۴ء کا طبع شدہ ہے۔ ’’نقشِ حیات‘‘ نظم اور غزل پر مشتمل مضطرؔ کا دوسرا غیر مطبوعہ مجموعہ کلام ہے۔یہ مسودہ خود نوشت ہے جو ۲۷۳ صفحات پر مشتمل ہے۔ متفرق کلام ( غیر مطبوعہ) مسودہ چھپن نظموں اور سترہ غزلیات پر مشتمل ہے۔ آبِ بقا (غیر مطبوعہ) مضطرؔ کا چوتھا نعتیہ مجموعہ کلام ہے۔ یہ مسودہ ایک سو انتالیس صفحات پر مشتمل ہے۔ جس میں ایک سو ستائیس اردو نعتیں ہیں۔کاروانِ حیات (غیر مطبوعہ) مضطرؔ کا پانچواں منظوم مکتوبات کا مجموعہ کلام ہے۔ یہ مسودہ ایک سو ترانوے صفحات پر مشتمل ہے۔ منظوم مکتوبات پچاس شخصیا ت کو لکھے گئے ہیں ۔ابوالاثر حفیظ جالندھری ،ڈاکٹر سید عبداﷲ اور مضطرؔ کے شاعری کے استاد عبداللطیف تپش بھی ان علمی و ادبی شخصیات میں شامل ہیں...

التفسير بالمأثور: قيمته العلمية، و أنواعه و مصادره

The main objective of the Quranic exegesis is to Cognizance of the extracting the orders. Through the "Transcribed Method” cognizance of exegesis can be made easily, because "Transcribed Method” is basis on the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), their companions & Ancestors. As this is fact, that every discussion has their own method & every sort of knowledge has their own experts/specialists. So, it is obligatory to know the particular person/experts of the specific field. In this article, describes the importance of exegesis kinds of Transcribed Method & their basic sources.

Biodiversity of Staphylinids of Punjab, Pakistan

Rove beetles belong to the largest family (Staphylinidae) of beetles in the order Coleoptera of the Class Insecta. Because of their cosmopolitan distribution with broad latitudinal ranges, they are known to play important role as pollinators, decomposers and scavengers. The studies on their biodiversity including the species richness, distribution pattern and seasonal abundance were unknown with respect to their role in ecological system in Punjab, Pakistan. The present study is therefore, being carried out to study the biodiversity of Staphylinidae in different ecological regions of Punjab. For this purpose, collection was made from cropped area (8 localities) and forest area (3 localities) of the Punjab, Pakistan with 5 different collecting methods; pitfall trapping, flight intercept trapping, light trapping, Berlese funnel trapping and sweep netting during 2008 and 2009. Population was collected for four days after every two months from each locality during the entire collection period. Relative humidity (%), temperature (C O ) and soil moisture contents (%) were also recorded for all the localities. In the cropped areas, 1083 specimens belonging to 5 subfamilies, 15 genera and 26 species were collected and identified. Paederus fuscipes Curt. was the species with the highest population (32%) overall while Tachyporus himalyicus Bernh. was with lowest population (0.4%). It was found that some species preferred some crops, e.g., Paederus fuscipes was found only in cropped areas preferably in maize and berseem crops and Oxytellus Gr. genus was found mostly in plant and leaf debris. Astilbus mixtus Cam. was found associated with termites in the sandy areas only. High Shannon weaver index value (2.572) was found from Rahim Yar Khan and lowest value (1.82) was found from Rawalpindi during 2008. In the forest areas, mostly species were collected from Changa Manga (46.67%) during 2008 and from Muridwala (38.33%) during 2009. Some species were found missing in the forest areas like Paederus fuscipes, Astilbus mixtus etc. Association between collecting methods and localities was also determined. This association was found positive only for locality 1 (Lahore). No association was found between years and localities. Most Staphylinidae were collected through pit fall traps and least was found with FIT’S. Most Staphylinidae were collected during July-August. There was also a positive correlation between relative humidity, soil moisture contents and rove beetles. Dry soils had less rove beetles as compared to the moist soils. If the soil moisture contents will be more, there will be no space for air between the soil particles then the rove beetles will be less because of mortality due to suffocation. On the basis of coefficients of association calculated from different biotic (crops and other insects) and abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture contents) that were faced by the collected species, the specimens belonging to different Staphylinidae species have been arranged into five groups with five species treated as separate on the basis of their habitat, locality, abundance and their status.
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

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