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پیر سید حسام الدین راشدی

پیرسید حسام الدین راشدی
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ ماہ اپریل میں ہمارے دوعزیز و محترم دوست اور برصغیر کے نامور محقق اورعالم پیر حسام الدین راشدی اورمولانا محمد جعفر شاہ پھلواروی رحلت فرما گئے۔ اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔ اوّل الذکر کاانتقال لندن میں ہوا جہاں وہ کینسر کاآپریشن اورساتھ ہی دل کی بیماری کاعلاج کرانے کی غرض سے مقیم تھے اور تدفین سندھ کے ان کے اپنے آبائی وطن کے قبرستان میں ہوئی اور موخرالذکر کاانتقال کراچی میں ہوا اوریہیں تدفین بھی ہوئی۔
پیر صاحب لاڑکانہ کے بہمن نامی ایک قصبہ میں۲۰ستمبر۱۹۱۱ء کوسندھ کے نامی گرامی خاندان راشدیہ میں پیداہوئے، علمی ذوق موروثی تھا، دولت وثروت میں بھی یہ خاندان ممتاز تھا۔ذہانت اورطباعی کاجوہر خداداد رکھتے تھے اس لیے از خود تعلیم کی طرف راغب ہوئے اورفارسی اردو اورسندھی زبان وادب کے نامور ادیب،محقق اورمصنف بنے، عربی اورانگریزی سے بھی واقف تھے۔ ذاتی کتب خانہ جو اباً عن جداٍ تک پہنچتا تھا مطبوعات کی کثرت کے ساتھ نوادرمخطوطات پرمشتمل پہلے سے تھا ہی، مرحوم نے اپنی ذاتی کاوش اورتلاش وجستجو سے اس پر جونہایت وقیع اضافہ کیا اس کی وجہ سے آج تک یہ کتاب خانہ کراچی کے کتب خانوں میں ایک خاص مرتبہ ومقام رکھتا ہے۔ پیرصاحب عمر بھر مجرد رہے، ان کا شب و روز کا مشغلہ مطالعہ،تحقیق وتصنیف اوراحباب سے ملاقات کے سوا کچھ اور نہ تھا۔ ان کے علمی اورتحقیقی کارناموں پرانشاء اﷲ برہان میں عنقریب ایک مقالہ شائع ہوگا ان سطور سے مقصد صرف رسم تعزیت اداکرناہے۔
کراچی اربابِ علم وادب اوراصحاب دانش وہنر کی کثرت کے باعث آج کل برصغیر کاقرطبہ وبغداد بنا ہواہے لیکن ایک پیرسید حسام الدین راشدی اور دوسرے مشفق خواجہ، اس مجمع علم وفضل میں دونوں کامرتبہ ووقار ایسا ہی ہے جیسا کہ کسی ایک بزرگ خاندان کاہوتاہے۔ مشفق خواجہ اوران کے خاندان سے راقم الحروف کاتعلق بہت...

Role and Function of Eethylene Response Factor in Different Plants under Multiple Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

These stresses effect crop production and quality, thus result is in economic lose and food insecurity. Many factors play vital role in regulating growth of plants along with developmental pathways during biotic and abiotic stresses. Transcription factors are proteins that control physiological, developmental and stress responses in plants. Ethylene response factors belong to the biggest family of transcription factors, known to participate in various stress tolerance like drought, heat, salt and cold. They are significant regulators of plant gene expression. The objective of this review is to present how ethylene response factor family proteins became the focus of stress tolerance as well as the development and growth of plants.

Studies on the Ripening Aspects and Fruit Quality of Date Palm Phoenix Dactylifera L. Cvs. “Hillawi and Khadrawi”

Date palm is an important fruit crop in the world as well as in Pakistan. It provides a rich and quick energy source to humans and also plays a significant role in the social and economic life of the people living in dry areas. Monsoon rains at the time of fruit harvesting or ripening are very harmful and heavy fruit losses occur resulting rotting, fruit drop and uneven fruit ripening. Unfortunately, in Pakistan serious losses occur due to these rains at the time of fruit harvesting/ripening. The research work reported in this manuscript was conducted in the Experimental Fruit Orchard Square Number 9 and Post Graduate Agricultural Research Station (PARS) (Latitude 31o-26´ N, Longitude 73o-06´ E and Altitude 184.4 m), Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab Province, Pakistan. In the field studies, effectiveness of ethephon application (foliar and injection) and strands thinning practices on ripening acceleration and fruit quality of date palm were investigated and found that ethephon application with spray showed superiority over injection method to accelerate the maturity and ripening processes of date fruits in both Hillawi and Khadrawi cultivars. Fruit sprayed with ethephon (4 ml/L and 2 ml/L) at final kimri and early khalal stages reached at rutab stage 13 and 6 days earlier and showed uniform fruit ripening indexes of 60.46 and 44.85% and rutab fruit yield (6.29 and 4.37 kg ) per bunch with good fruit quality composition than the untreated fruits. Second field experiment was conducted to explore the role of strands thinning on maturity enhancement and fruit quality. Strands thinning practices were carried out with following intensities (no thinning, 20% RCS (removal of central strands), 30% RCS, 20% STT (shortening of terminal tips), 30% STT, 20% RCS + 20% STT and 30% RCS + 30% STT) at early kimri stage (4 weeks after pollination). It was observed that strands thinning practices improved quality characteristics than the fruit those were untreated (without thinning) in both cultivars. Strands thinning intensity @ 30% RCS alone resulted in 10 days earlier maturity and higher rutab yield of 5.22 kg per bunch and more uniformly ripe fruit (76.28%) at rutab stage. The total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose), total phenolic, total flavonoids and total antioxidants were significantly improved while titratable acidity and total tannin contents were decreased in thinned fruits. In post-harvest experiments, hot water exposures for 3 and 5 min at 65oC in Hillawi and Khadrawi cultivars reduce the fruit ripening period up to 6 days and produced uniformly ripened fruit (73.33 and 81.66%) with better quality and higher acceptability of organoleptic scores marked by the panellists as compared to 2 untreated fruit. Acetic acid @ 3% showed higher uniform ripening index of 64.24% with higher total soluble solids, sugars, total phenolic, total flavonoids, total antioxidants and organoleptic properties after incubation at 40±1oC for 72 h. In the last study different sun drying techniques were used for the curing of soft Hillawi dates. Among different sundrying techniques, SDT4 (DSE with removal in baskets and covered during night) proved good regarding the fruit quality composition such as TSS, acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, total phenolics, total antioxidants, total flavonoids with lower amounts of total tannin contents. In conclusion, a spray application of ethephon @ 4 ml/L at final kimri stage, strands thinning @ 30% RCS alone at early kimri stage, hot water treatments at khalal stage (3 min for Hillawi and 5 min for Khadrawi) and acetic acid @ 3% at khalal stage showed better results to accelerate the fruit ripening period and produced higher index of uniformly ripe fruits with good fruit quality composition in both date palm cultivars. Among different sun-drying techniques in fruits harvested at rutab stage, SDT4 (DSE with removal in baskets and covered during night) proved good regarding the fruit quality composition in Hillawi date palm cultivar. Uniformity in ripening gave extra benefits and higher economic returns were achieved by adopting these technologies and it provided higher economic return.
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