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فصل سوم: آیاتِ استفہام میں فہم عبادات

ایمان لانے کے بعد انسان پر سب سے پہلے عبادت کا ادا کرنا لازم ہے ہر مذہب میں عبادت کا ایک خاص طریقہ ہوتا ہے جو مخصوص طریقے کے ساتھ ادائیگی کا حکم دیا جاتا ہے اسی طرح اسلام میں بھی نماز، روزہ، حج اور زكوة عبادات کی مختلف طرق ہیں اصل عبادت کی غایت یہ ہے کہ معبود صرف اللہ تبارک وتعالیٰ ہی کو ماننا ، صرف اسی کی عبادت کرنا ہر چیز میں اسی سے مدد طلب کرنا اسی کو حاجت روا اور مشکل کشا سمجھنا اسی کو مالک، خالق اور رب تسلیم کرنا اسی سے التجاء کرنا، ہر چیز کے لئے اسی کو پکارنا اور یہ یقین رکھنا کہ اللہ کے سوا کسی کے دائرہ اختیار میں کوئی چیز نہیں ہے اگر وہ نفع پہنچانا چاہے تو اسے کوئی روکنے والا نہیں ہے اور اگر ضرر پہنچائے تو اس کو کوئی ہٹانے والا نہیں ہے ہر طرح کی عبادت مثلاً قیام، رکوع، سجدہ صرف اسی کے لئے خاص ہے اور کسی اور کے سامنے جھکنا جائز نہیں۔

 انسانوں سے اللہ تعالیٰ نے انکی تخلیق سے پہلے ایک وعدہ لیا تھا جس کا ذکر قرآن مجید میں یوں مذکور ہے:

"اَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ، قَالُوْا بَلٰي، شَہِدْنَا"۔[[1]]

" کیا میں تمہارا رب نہیں ہوں؟ اس وقت سب نے یہ کہا کیوں نہیں اے ہمارے رب!"۔

 سب نے اس وقت اللہ کی ربوبیت کا اقرار کیا تھا گویا کہ اللہ تعالیٰ کی ربوبیت کا اقرار و اعتراف انسانوں کی فطرت میں داخل اور انکے وجدان میں شامل ہے۔

اللہ تعالیٰ کی ربوبیت کا مطلب اور اس کا تقاضا کیا ہے ؟اسکے جواب کے بارے میں بشیر احمد لودھی یوں رقمطراز ہیں:

 " انسان ازخود پیدا نہیں...

مسئلہ ختم نبوت پر دلائل کا منہج و اسلوب : تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The belief of the finality of Prophet Hood (Khatm e Nabuwwat) is the basic belief of the Muslim Ummah, and this belief has been adopted since the first day. From the time of the Prophet ﷺ until now, the belief in the end of Prophet Hood has been protected on practical grounds and intellectually. Muslim scholars and philosophers, while strengthening it on the basis of rational and simulated arguments, did not leave a single aspect from which it could be undermined. They presented simulated arguments for the misguided sects in Muslim Ummah and for the non-Muslims, presented rational arguments in such a way that there was no reason left to disbelieve this belief. In this research article, there is a description of the simulated and rational arguments that are usually presented, such as the Quranic verses and their interpretation, the Hadiths, and the sayings of the scholars. And it has also been narrated what their style of reasoning is, in the same way, the legislation that has been passed in this regard in Pakistan has been presented in detail. Hopefully, this will make it clear what are the services of scholars and thinkers on this issue and what is their style.

Developing an Information and Communcation Technologys Acceptance Model in the Context of Social Environment and Measuring the Performance Using Fuzzy Models

Despite significant investments in information technology in developing nations like Pakistan over recent decades, concern still exists over the extent to which such expenditures have produced the intended benefits. At least part of this concern is based around the issue of how information technology and information systems are accepted by the intended users. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) provides us with the fundamental frame work to analyse the acceptance of Information Systems from a behavioural perspective. In this study, we intend to enhance and classify the variables of the existing TAM to account for their importance so that organizations and institutions can rely on this classification to focus on the most important variables for quicker and smooth adoption of technology. Especially in the context of developing countries’ dynamics, the technology acceptance variables will be explored. A classification of the technology acceptance variables has been developed. This is the first of its kind classification based on the random Fuzzy (Burney, Ali, & Mahmood, 2012) Forest model, which in comparison with other fuzzy techniques has given better results for classification. To analyse the results, different statistical methods have been used. The study also involves extensive field study as well as data collection and data-mining techniques to analyse and identify multi-dimensional patterns in data. Measures of social influence on/of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) will also be identified and a suitable Technology Implementation Model will also be developed. For this purpose, the case of smart watch dissemination in Pakistan will be used and appropriate model to enhance user acceptance of smart watch technology will be proposed. This thesis focuses on the acceptance and adoption of smartwatches, specifically in Pakistan. While there are several research studies on the subject of wearable technology, many do not emphasize a specific piece of wearable technology like the smartwatch. Either that or they are focused on the utilization of these wearable products where fitness tracking, healthcare, biometric sensors and other such applications are discussed. It is important that an innovation be understood from the user’s perspective, especially in its Page 3 of 155 early stages when knowledge of consumer requirements is insufficient. Smartwatch studies should be audience driven instead of technology driven which is the situation in most cases. Because the innovation is made for the user therefore should revolve around not what the technology is capable of but if it fulfils the needs and requirements of the users. Hence, this quantitative research aims to fill that gap and identify the factors that influence people’s intention to use a smartwatch along with the discussion of wearable and smart technology, its history, its advantages and disadvantages, different technology acceptance and adoption frameworks as well as their comparison. In addition to that, a model is proposed along with the respective hypotheses to examine the adoption and acceptance of smartwatches and for validation analyses conducted on the data gathered. A classification of the technology acceptance variables has been developed. This is the first of its kind classification based on the random Fuzzy Forest model, which in comparison with other fuzzy techniques has given better results for classification.
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