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محمد نعمت اللہ ارشد گھمن
ادب انسانی زندگی کی عکاسی کرتا ہے۔ ہر انسان کی پہچان معاشرے سے ہوتی ہے اس لیے ادب اور معاشرہ باہم لازم و ملزوم ہیں۔اردو زبان کی تاریخ زیادہ قدیم نہیں ہے۔ تخلیق کارانسانی زندگی کے فہم کا دوسرا نام ہے اسی طرح نقاد تخلیق کاروں کی الجھی ہوئی گتھیاں سلجھاتا ہے۔وقت گزرنے کے ساتھ ساتھ اردو شاعری کے علاوہ اردو نثر کے دائرے بھی وسیع تر ہوتے جا رہے ہیں۔پاکستان بھرکی جامعات میں ایم فل اردو اسکالرز کے لیے سب سے بڑا مسئلہ ان متنوع موضوعات کے حوالے سے مواد کا حصول ہے اور ان کا بہت زیادہ وقت اسی میں ضائع ہوجاتا ہے۔اسی بات کو مدنظر رکھتے ہوئے اس کتاب کو پایہ تکمیل تک پہنچایا گیا ہے۔ ایم فل اردو کے مباحث پر اس سے پہلے کوئی کتاب میری نظر سے نہیں گزری اسی وجہ سے غالب امکان ہے کہ تحقیق کے طلبا کے لیے یہ کتاب آب حیات سے کم نہیں ہوگی۔
اس کتاب کی تیاری میں مجھے اپنے اساتذہ ڈاکٹر مشتاق عادل، ڈاکٹر محمد یوسف اعوان، ڈاکٹر محمد عامر اقبال، ڈاکٹر یاسمین کوثر،ڈاکٹر عبدالستار نیازی،ڈاکٹر قیصر آفتاب، ڈاکٹر عظیم اللہ جندران، میڈم ماریہ بلال کے علاوہ ہم جماعت صائمہ اختر کی بھرپور معاونت اور تعاون شامل حال رہا۔میں سب سے زیادہ اپنی شریک سفر کا ممنون ہوں جنہوں نے میرے تحقیقی اور تخلیقی سفر میں ہمیشہ آسانیاں پیدا کیں۔کوئی بھی بات یا تحریر حتمی نہیں ہوتی، اس کی بہتری کے دروازے ہمیشہ کھلے رہتے ہیں۔ قارئین کی آرا اور ناقدین کے مثبت تبصروں سے اس کتاب کا آئندہ ایڈیشن بہتر انداز میں سامنے آ سکے گا۔
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The Importance of Emerging Sciences & Technology in the Light of Quran & Prophetic Teachings

Science and technology is on top position contemporary now it is need of our masses to compare these formulas with holy Quran because Quran is miracle and implementable till the day of  Judge ment  lot of scientists have benefited by Quran and they also agree up on the excellence of Quran. Hence in this research we have to prove dominancy of Quran over on the science and technology the hints of new inventions and discoveries are available in Quran if we study the Quran deeply we will find in it complete agreement with modern science however it was revealed in that time people were not aware from scientific inventions and they have not know-how of it. Comparatively this time is well advanced period and lot of things invented while concept of these things was present in this sky book I have drawn intention of readers on these points. In this research I would discussed that importance of science and technology specially the sub subjects of the modern science math and statistics geology, astronomy, space sciences, Embryology, Genetics and computer technology. It should be remember that the exposition of this book is also two types scientifically and logically because Quran invites us towards intelligence and wisdom.   It is responsibility of scholars to interpret the Quran contemporary because this is not merely ancient book but it is for all times and not for Arabs but for guide line of whole humanity of entire universe. It is challenges itself that no any kind of error or mistake in it foes of Islam tried to find faults but they not succeeded to do so resulting they affirmed dignity of it over on all the books.

Development of English Curriculum Model at Higher Secondary Level in Pakistan

In the present study the existing curriculum development process is explored by obtaining the opinion of English language teachers, teaching English at higher secondary level in Punjab, Pakistan, and the members of English curriculum committee at higher secondary level in Pakistan to propose a Learner-Teacher-Socio Oriented English Curriculum Development Model at Higher Secondary Level. Two questionnaires were adapted from Akhtar (2004) for the present study. One questionnaire was developed for English teachers of higher secondary government schools and colleges in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The other questionnaire was developed for the members of the English curriculum committee. Analysis of existing English curriculum development process was done through the policy documents and questionnaires. Higher secondary government schools and colleges of each sex were selected through stratified cluster sampling, after that 1379 English teachers of higher secondary government schools and colleges were considered as sample of the study. The sample was selected from the 23 out of 36 districts of Punjab. Furthermore, Punjab was divided into three regions upper, central and southern Punjab. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated. t-test was applied to find out the differences of opinion on the basis of gender and residential areas. ANOVA was applied to uncover the differences of opinion among the teachers of various districts of upper, central and southern Punjab. Reliability of the questionnaire for higher secondary English teachers was 0.91. Validity of the questionnaire for higher secondary English teachers was 95%. The other questionnaire was developed for the members of national curriculum committee. Eleven members were considered as sample of the study. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were calculated. Comparison between the opinion of teachers and the members of curriculum committee on the basis of responses of the same as well as contrastive questions of the questionnaires were drawn through graphical representation. Reliability of the questionnaire for higher secondary English teachers was 0.81. Validity of the questionnaire for higher secondary English teachers was 94%. On the basis of findings the proposed model Learner-Teacher-Socio Oriented English Curriculum Development Model at Higher Secondary Level was sent to experts for validation. The model was finalized after the recommendations offered by the experts.
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